In Uganda, scientists are developing an innovative fertilizer derived from animal-skin waste to address the critical issue of soil depletion on coffee farms. Researchers at Kyambogo University are converting waste from local tanneries into a collagen-based hydrogel designed to release nutrients intelligently, offering a potential solution to improve soil health and sustain future harvests in one of Africa's top coffee-producing nations.
Coffee is a cornerstone of Uganda's economy, supporting an estimated 1.7 to 2.5 million smallholder farmers and generating significant export revenue. However, intensifying production has led to widespread soil degradation, threatening crop yields and farmer livelihoods. The new fertilizer project aims to create a circular economy solution by upcycling tannery waste, which is typically a source of pollution, into a valuable agricultural input.
The technology uses collagen extracted from the 80% of animal hide discarded during leather processing. This collagen forms a hydrogel that is enriched with essential plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. According to the project's lead scientist, the fertilizer is 'smart' because it can detect soil deficiencies and release specific nutrients as needed, reducing waste and the need for repeat applications. Early trials have shown positive results, and researchers hope to have a market-ready product by the end of 2026, with plans to eventually supply farmers in neighboring countries.